IGNOU BOOK | Classical Political Philosophy | PARMPARKIK RAJNETIK DARSHAN | BPSC-111| HINDI MEDIUM

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Classical Political Philosophy

Classical Political Philosophy refers to the systematic study of politics, justice, the state, law, citizenship, authority, and the ideal form of government developed mainly in ancient Greece and Rome. It forms the foundation of Western political thought.

1. Socrates

Socrates focused on the relationship between politics, morality, and virtue.

• He believed that a good political life requires morally good citizens and rulers.
• He emphasized the search for truth through questioning and dialogue.
• He considered knowledge of good and justice essential to proper conduct.
• His ideas strongly influenced Plato.

2. Plato

Plato presented his political philosophy mainly in The Republic and The Laws.

According to Plato:

• Justice is the central principle of an ideal state.
• Society should be organized according to people's abilities and functions.
• The ideal state has three main groups:
• Philosopher-rulers — govern the state.
• Guardians/warriors — protect the state.
• Producers — farmers, artisans, merchants, etc.
• The state should be ruled by philosopher-kings, who possess wisdom and knowledge of the good.
• Education is essential for producing virtuous citizens and capable rulers.

For Plato, politics is closely connected with ethics and the pursuit of the good life.