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BHIC-108: History of Modern Europe – II

This paper mainly deals with the political, economic, social and intellectual developments in Europe from the 19th century into the 20th century. Important themes include:

1. Industrial Revolution – development of industries, capitalism, urbanisation and changes in working life.
2. Nationalism in Europe – growth of national consciousness and the formation/consolidation of nation-states.
3. Unification of Germany and Italy – major political movements that transformed the European map.
4. Socialism and Marxism – emergence of socialist ideas, class struggle and the growth of workers' movements.
5. Imperialism and Colonialism – European expansion into Asia and Africa and its economic and political consequences.
6. First World War – major causes, course and consequences of the war.
7. Russian Revolution – background, events of 1917 and the emergence of the Soviet state.
8. Interwar Europe – political instability, economic crisis and the rise of new political ideologies.
9. Fascism and Nazism – rise of Mussolini and Hitler and their impact on Europe.
10. Second World War – causes, major developments and consequences.
11. Post-war Europe – reconstruction, changing political relations and the emergence of new international structures.