IGTNOU BOOK | BHART KA ETIHAS : PARACHIN KAAL SE LAGBAG 300 C.CE TAK| BHIC -131 |HINDI MEDIUM | BHART

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History of India from the Earliest Times up to c. 300 CE

The history of India from the earliest times to c. 300 CE covers the development of Indian civilization from the prehistoric period to the emergence of the Gupta dynasty. It includes the rise of agriculture and settled life, the Indus Valley Civilization, the Vedic period, the rise of states and empires, the spread of Buddhism and Jainism, the Mauryan Empire, the Kushanas and Satavahanas, the Sangam age, and the growth of trade and cultural exchange.

1. Prehistoric India

The earliest history of India is reconstructed mainly through archaeological evidence, as written records were not available.

Paleolithic Age

The Paleolithic or Old Stone Age was characterized by:

• Hunting and gathering.
• Use of crude stone tools.
• Nomadic or semi-nomadic life.
• Occupation of caves and rock shelters.

Important sites include the Soan Valley, Narmada Valley, Hunsgi, and Bhimbetka.