History of India from C. 1206 to 1707| BHIC - 133 | ENGLISH MEDIUM

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History of India from c. 1206 to 1707

The period from c. 1206 to 1707 covers a major phase of medieval Indian history. It begins with the establishment of the Delhi Sultanate and ends around the death of Aurangzeb in 1707, marking the high point and subsequent weakening of the Mughal Empire.

1. Delhi Sultanate (c. 1206–1526)

The Delhi Sultanate was established after the death of Muiz-ud-din Muhammad Ghori in 1206. His former slave and general Qutb-ud-din Aibak became the first ruler of the Delhi Sultanate.

The Sultanate is generally divided into five dynasties:

• Slave/Mamluk Dynasty (1206–1290): Important rulers included Qutb-ud-din Aibak, Iltutmish, Razia Sultan, and Balban. Iltutmish consolidated the Sultanate and made Delhi its political centre.
• Khalji Dynasty (1290–1320): Alauddin Khalji expanded the Sultanate into large parts of India. He introduced important military, revenue, and market reforms and successfully resisted Mongol invasions.
• Tughlaq Dynasty (1320–1414): Muhammad bin Tughlaq attempted several ambitious administrative experiments, including the transfer of the capital to Daulatabad and the introduction of token currency. Firoz Shah Tughlaq focused more on public works and welfare measures.