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History of Modern Europe – I

History of Modern Europe – I generally covers the period from the Renaissance and Reformation to the French Revolution and its aftermath, roughly from the fourteenth/fifteenth century to the early nineteenth century. This period witnessed the decline of medieval institutions and the emergence of modern European political, economic, intellectual and social structures.

1. Renaissance

The Renaissance, meaning “rebirth,” began in the Italian city-states during the fourteenth century and gradually spread across Europe.

It marked a revival of interest in the literature, philosophy and art of ancient Greece and Rome.