IGNOU BOOK | Sociological Research Methods-I[English medium] BSOC-112

Product Overview & Details

Sociological Research Methods-I is a foundational course that explains how sociologists systematically study society, social relationships, institutions, behaviour, and social problems. It introduces the basic concepts, approaches, methods, and techniques used in sociological research.

1. Meaning of Sociological Research

Sociological research is the systematic and scientific study of society. It involves collecting, analysing, and interpreting information to understand social phenomena.

For example, a sociologist may conduct research on:

• Poverty and inequality
• Caste and social mobility
• Gender relations
• Education
• Family and marriage
• Urbanisation
• Migration
• Social change

2. Objectives of Sociological Research

The major objectives are:

1. Description – To describe social conditions and patterns.
2. Explanation – To understand why a social phenomenon occurs.
3. Prediction – To identify possible future trends.
4. Understanding – To understand people's experiences, meanings, and behaviour.
5. Theory building – To develop or test sociological concepts and theories.

3. Scientific Approach in Sociology

Sociological research generally follows a systematic process:

Selection of topic → Research question → Review of literature → Research design → Data collection → Data analysis → Interpretation → Report writing

Researchers try to maintain objectivity, reliability, validity, and ethical standards.

4. Major Approaches to Sociological Research

A. Quantitative Approach

This approach uses numerical data and statistical techniques.

Examples:

• Surveys
• Questionnaires
• Statistical analysis
• Census data

It is useful for identifying patterns and relationships among large populations.

B. Qualitative Approach

This approach focuses on meanings, experiences, opinions, and social interactions.

Examples:

• Interviews
• Participant observation
• Case studies
• Ethnography

It provides detailed information about people's everyday lives.

5. Important Research Methods

Survey Method:

Information is collected from a relatively large number of respondents, usually through questionnaires or structured interviews.